The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non

As per W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), program assessment is the â€Å"efficiency, adequacy, and responsibility of a division, program or agency.†It applies â€Å"systematic measures and examinations in order to give the result of the program to administrators who thusly utilize the outcomes in settling on choices for the program† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation 1998).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A result is typically a portrayal of â€Å"short or long haul impacts, including those that were not made arrangements for however happened because of the program’s outputs†(United Way of America, 1998).The essential procedure of program assessment includes result assessment as talked about beneath. â€Å"Outcome Evaluation† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation,1998) According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), there is no parti cular technique or approach can suit all projects in result assessment. In any case, W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) prescribes that â€Å"it is critical to begin with the general objectives and results of the program and afterward concoct a method of estimating these outcomes.† The underlying advance is to distinguish results (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).This can be accomplished by making a group which may contain interior and outside partners to assist you with having a more extensive perspective on the results of your association (Herman Associates, 2005). The following stage is to consider territories whereby change is prominent in the program. It could be change in customers, in the general public or even in the bigger frameworks (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The results can be characterized into three gatherings: †initial results, transitional results and longer-term outcomes† (Herman Associates, 2005). One manner by which these results can be estimated is by will be by recognizing pointers. As per Lanzerotti (2004), a pointer ought to be something that is noticeable, perceptible, substantial or something that can be confirmed and â€Å"every result ought to have in any event one indicator†. Their principle reason for existing is as a rule to decide the degree to which a result has been figured it out. The markers can likewise be contrasted and targets and benchmarks. For this situation, targets are your normal accomplishments in type of numbers while benchmarks are information from a past program that one can use to contrast and an ebb and flow program.Advertising Looking for research paper on open organization? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Logic models can likewise be utilized to gauge results in program assessment. As indicated by W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) a rationale graph is a â€Å"diagram that explains the connections between the parts of your program d esign.† The rationale outline is typically made out of â€Å"inputs, exercises, yields, starting results, middle results and long haul outcomes† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998). This graph would them be able to be contrasted and the program’s results. Quantitative and subjective methodologies can likewise be utilized in assessing the program results (United Way of America, 1998). As indicated by Lanzerotti (2004), quantitative strategy includes â€Å"experimentation and testing, an impression of changes presented by a program in numeric structure, meeting a huge gathering of individuals, and dissecting connections between conjectured factors and the outcomes.† On the other hand, United Way of America (1998) noticed that â€Å"qualitative assessment looks to clarify how a program capacities, the perspectives on the program implementers and the customers just as the degree to which the goals are met.† Some of the subjective estimates that can be appli ed incorporate â€Å"collection of non-numeric, top to bottom depictions of the program, figuring out a lot of information and considering inside and out investigation of chose issues† (United Way of America, 1998). The other assessment strategy for results is â€Å"effectiveness and efficiency† (Lanzerotti, 2004).Effectiveness tries to look at how well the program performed. As per Lanzerotti (2004), this can be accomplished by â€Å"identifying measures, benchmarks or rules against which progress or execution can be assessed.† On the other hand, â€Å"efficiency tries to see if the cost was commendable the result by deciding the yield to include ratio† (United Way of America, 1998).Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the yield proportion is more noteworthy than the information proportion, at that point there w as effectiveness yet on the off chance that the information proportion is more noteworthy than the yield proportion, at that point there was absence of proficiency in the program (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The issue of wastefulness can be settled by searching for approaches to limit costs. The last assessment strategy for results is by utilization of money saving advantage examination (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).although this strategy is usually applied in the benefit division, it can likewise be applied in the non-benefit part. One should decide the connection between the expenses and the advantages. As per W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) the money saving advantage relationship is â€Å"the relationship of the expense of the program to the expense of accomplishing them.† â€Å"Politics of Goal Definition†(Hellriegell Slocum, 2007) Political conduct frequently happens in associations due to â€Å"different assessments over objectives, various perspectives abou t the association and it’s impediments, distinctive information about managing circumstances just as how to utilize assets that are scarce† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).These are the fundamental powers that bring about governmental issues of how objectives are characterized. Notwithstanding, getting rid of these powers is absurd in light of the fact that there is no reason forever when all individuals will have comparable perspectives. So also, associations are continually endeavoring to utilize the scant assets in order to get the necessary objectives. Subsequently, political conduct must be displayed as each person in the association endeavors to secure their favored outcomes (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007). In cases whereby such circumstances emerge, a supervisor ought not utilize power to stop such conduct however rather should work to see that such conduct doesn't affect the association in a negative manner (Herman Associates, 2005). As indicated by Hellriegell Slocum (20 07) the political conduct among representatives can be animated by the activities of a supervisor. For example, as Hellriegell Slocum (2007) notes â€Å"in offices like bookkeeping, HR, and quality control, legitimate and data frameworks among others† employees’ execution is difficult to measure.Advertising Searching for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this way, pioneers forms offer respect insufficient assets regarding â€Å"pay, rewards, and benefits† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).Other pioneers will in general give the political conduct during the time spent examination a visually impaired eye and expect that it doesn't exist. Notwithstanding, legislative issues in examination is a reality that should not be possible away with and which can have a few effects. A portion of these effects as confirmed by Hellriegell Slocum (2007) incorporate â€Å"organizational objectives and execution are sabotaged; increment political conduct in other dynamic procedures and open the association to prosecution if workers are taking everything into account, program assessment includes a few stages. The initial step ought to be to recognize the results. From that point forward, different procedures follow. These different procedures include: recognizing pointers, utilization of rationale model, utilization of quantitative and subjective te chniques, deciding viability and proficiency just as deciding the money saving advantage investigation. Then again, political conduct is regularly shown in associations with regards to detailing of objectives. It is significant for supervisors to realize this can not be stayed away from yet can be limited. One of the manners by which a director can limit political conduct is by guaranteeing that the objectives are clear and explicit. References Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J.W. (2007). Authoritative conduct. New York: Thomson Learning. Herman, R. D. Partners. (2005). The Jossey-Bass handbook of charitable initiative administration. second ed. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons. Lanzerotti, R. Lanzerott, L. (2004). Estimating Change to Make Change: The Fundraising Case for Program Evaluation. Grassroots Fundraising Journal, 23, 4-8. Joined Way of America. (1996). Estimating Program Outcomes: A Practical Approach. Alexandria: United Way of America. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (1998).Outcomes Lo gic Model. Mexico: Kellogg Foundation This exploration paper on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector was composed and put together by client Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Differences Between the Antifederalists and Federalists Essay Example

Contrasts Between the Antifederalists and Federalists Paper The Articles of Confederation worked up numerous issues between the states. The antifederalists, or individuals who restricted a solid national government, came into squabble with the federalists, who supported a solid central government. The federalists contrast from the counter federalists as far as social, monetary, and political articulation. Numerous distinctions emerged between the federalists and the antifederalists concerning social issues. As a matter of first importance, the antifederalists were from the less fortunate classes, while the federalists were from higher, increasingly distinguished classes. Antifederalists primarily comprised of uneducated individuals who made up the regular workers. Federalists, be that as it may, were highborn individuals who were refined and knowledgeable. Additionally, numerous well known figures were in strife with each other, because of their antifederalist or federalist convictions. Patrick Henry, a well known nationalist and legal counse lor, offered help for the antifederalists. Being from Virginia, the biggest and generally crowded of the states, Patrick Henry was an incredible figure. Then again, George Washington, James Madison, and John Marshall were all on the side of the federalist side. James Madison, alongside John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, composed The Federalist, a gathering of promulgation papers composed for the New York papers. Other than social contrasts, monetary contrasts likewise extended the hole between the antifederalists and the federalists. Poor people antifederalists were in struggle with the rich federalists. Antifederalists, for example, comprised of individuals who were under water. The account holders dreaded a solid focal government would make they take care of their obligations. Additionally, antifederalists likewise didn't need the states to build up laws with respect to levies and route. Antifederalists were poor; in this way, they made useless cash to take care of their obligations . Then again, the federalists were well off individuals who were of honorable birth. They tremendously couldn't help contradicting the antifederalist demonstration

Is Business Dress Still Relevant in 2019

Is Business Dress Still Relevant in 2019 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Is Business Dress Still Relevant in 2019?Updated On 28/04/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2PC20hy CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWhen you hear the words business dress, its pretty likely that images of old fashioned 80s and 90s power suits come to mind, complete with big leather suitcases and bluetooth cell phone earpieces!This kind of look is very much a thing of the past in the majority of companies and work environments around the world, but the fall in popularity of this style and the modernisation of many workplaces leads into another question: is business dress still actually relevant in 2019?Most offices these days follow the casual Friday train of thought, and many dont even have a dress code at all, but that doesnt mean that those who want to make an effort in their professional life shouldnt feel free to. In any business tha t isnt necessarily customer facing, there is always going to be a tendency to dress for comfort rather than for show, but isnt there a happy medium that can be achieved? Here are some ways that you can make business dress still feel relevant in 2019.AccessoriesThe types of accessories that you take to work with you can have a big impact on how your overall dress is perceived. A classy handbag or luxury wallets, for example, are something that can hint at a level of professionalism and status without you having to go the full nine yards with an expensive suit. Other accessories that can have the same kind of effect include things like watches and even a great pair of shoes when the rest of your outfit is slightly more on the casual side. It is much more about looking presentable than looking like you are about to go to a business dinner party.READLoan or Savings - What's the Best Way to Buy a House?BlazerA good blazer is the kind of garment that bridges the gap between casual and sma rt in exactly the right way for a business setting. You can wear something relatively simple underneath, but it is automatically given more style and sophistication points when a blazer is thrown on over the top.PantsIf you are searching for a simple way to take your business wear from casual to semi serious, then opting for fabric pants in place of denim jeans is a simple and effective tip. There is something unavoidably casual about jeans, regardless of the colour, so switching them out for chinos or capri pants or any other kind of fabric trouser can instantly elevate your daytime outfit look.ShirtsButtoned shirts and blouses over t-shirts and sweaters are always a good option for aiming for a more business smart look. If you dont want to go all the way into looking like a boring professional, then a great tip is to find some shirts or blouses that have fun and interesting prints and patterns on them. The shirt itself provides you with smarter, more mature silhouette, but the des ign can go a long way to maintaining some of your fun personality that you like to display both inside and outside of work.

The Incidence Of Thyroid Cancer - 2648 Words

The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly rising in the US accounting for 62,980 cases with 1890 deaths every year[1]. It is the seventh most common cancer diagnosed in women and peaks earlier than in men. Despite its high prevalence, death rate from thyroid cancer is fairly stable from past many years. In general, thyroid cancer offers a good prognosis with an overall survival rate of approximately 90%[2]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) termed as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) contribute to majority of thyroid cancers sharing a superior prognosis. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), mostly acquired as a part of familial syndromes, display only modest cure rates. While surgical resection followed by radioiodine therapy remains the treatment of choice for localized thyroid cancer, it fails to eradicate tumors with aggressive behavior. In marked contrast to DTC, anaplastic carcinoma (ATC), an undifferentiated sub-type of thyroid cancer, ha s a higher propensity to locally invade nearby structures and metastasize rapidly. It approaches to almost 50% of all thyroid cancer-related deaths, the median survival being only six months[3]. The grim prognosis of ATC is due to the fact that it is diagnosed at an advanced stage which offers palliative treatment as the only option for patients suffering from the disease. Because of the chemo- and radio-resistant nature observed in aggressive thyroid cancers, many researchers have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Levels Of T4 And Tsh Are Vital For The Diagnosis Of Hypothyroidism Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesconclusions by the use of the clinical symptoms only. The functioning of thyroid aberrations have to be screened for once an aged individual shows one or some the signs of the disorder (Franklyn, 2013). Epidemiology. Genetic as well as the environmental factors show indifference in the presence of hypothyroidism. Several studies in the field of epidemiology have proven that age brings about alterations in the concentration of the thyroid hormone. Among males, the level of TSH is said to stabilise with ageRead MoreThe Most Common Types Of Cancer1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease, cancer has plagued our society for years. Cancer has dated back to 3000 BC. From then to now, many people have been diagnosed and died due to this monstrosity of a disease. Since 1990, approximately 11 million new cancer cases have been diagnosed and 5 million lives have been taken. In 2016, 1,685,210 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States and 595,690 people will die due to cancer. 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The approximate female to male ratio is 5/1, with majorityRead MoreEssay On Goiter756 Words   |  4 PagesChildren with goiter were characterized by a twofold higher hair B levels than the control ones. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant direct association only between thyroid volume and hair B (r = 0.482) level, Mickuviene et al. (2016). Boron was measured in plasma, excess value of the cont ent of boron at 32.29% was found in children with goiter compared with those from control group. Children with goiter show increased content of boron in hair (Kudabayeva et al., 2017). Dietary B treatments

Ethics And Code Of Professional Conduct - 1598 Words

Assignment One This assignment demonstrates why nurses who are working in the healthcare profession must work legally and ethically, describes some of the legislations and Tort laws that are directly associated with the nursing profession and also the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s (NMBA) Code of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. Failure to provide care within these parameters could lead to serious consequences for the patient and nurse themselves. Enrolled Nurses must work within certain legal and ethical parameters to ensure appropriate care is provided to patients and also so the nursing profession itself is upheld in a respectful and trusting manner. In order to work ethically, nurses are required to adhere to the code of ethics and code of professional conduct set by the NMBA. If nurses fail to adhere to these codes loss of licence to practice, taken to court by the patient, bad reputation and loss of trust from patients and other staff could be some of the consequences. The legal parameters that affect nurses are those such as Statute and Common laws and also Tort laws such as Assault, Battery and negligence. The Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act of 2009 is a law that has been introduced to establish a National Registration and accreditation system for health professionals and students. 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The Impact of Financial Derivatives Market on the Uk...

Research Proposal: 1-Provisional title: The impact of Financial Derivatives market on the UK economy-: Before, during and after the 2008 Financial crisis. 2-Rationale The operations of the derivative market has become a rising concern today in the world and in the UK in particular as this market could destabilize the efficiency of the financial market and the economy at large if not managed properly by its users or if a major fault occurs in the derivative market, as it plays a vital role as a risk management instrument in the economy. Financial derivatives had been introduced in the financial markets as an instrument to help manage risk cause by fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates and stock market prices in the financial†¦show more content†¦He based his research on what was he called the real and behavioural triggers of the 2008 financial crisis. He then went on to say that the real triggers of the crisis had to do with the systematic environment of high leverage in the financial markets, corporate and household sectors and the international nature of finance and banks balance sheets. He classified the underestimation of risk by almost all agents in the economy as a behavioural trigger to the crisis. He specified on the underestimation of risk in the newly issued assets and also in the corporate sector leverage that began in the 21st century. According to him, new and complex derivatives instruments were not mostly regulated before the crisis of 2008, which he suggested could have been the trigger to the crisis. He concluded that some of the triggers like the behavioural trigger could only be incorporated into the new bank regulations as they would not change. Another study carried out by Shiu Yung-Ming et. al. (2005), examined the determinants and the impact of derivative usage on bank risk. In their study, they said derivatives had proved to be an efficient tool in the management of risk as it was an easy instrument for which residual risk from commercial operations was hedged. They agreed with most researchers by saying that derivative usage was a primary instrument used by both financial and non-financial firms for the management of their financial risks. Thus they came to a realisation that the use ofShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreImpact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility1588 Words   |  7 Pages Impact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility Derivatives has been the talk of the financial world after it was accussed as the primary reason for such a deep financial crisis that affecetd the global economy in 2007. Thus, the modelling of asset returns and judging the volatility of stock market and whether the derivatives have a substantial effect on stock market volatility, is still the key task for every finance professional as it provides much needed on risk patterns involvedRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Uk Job Market2471 Words   |  10 PagesThe impact of the financial crisis on the UK job market and employment (2007-2009) Module: PM021-Aspects of British Culture and Society Name: JUN YU WU Student Number: 0908108 Tutor: Jeff Meadowcroft Word Count: 1,970 Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 3 2. Global financial crisis (2007-2009)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 3. Influence on world job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3-4 4. Influence on the UK job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4-5 4Read MoreThe Bank Of England As A Independent Institution Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy where a Central Bank creates new money electronically to buy financial assets, like government bonds. This process aims to directly increase private sector spending in the economy and return inflation to target†. The primary target of the MPC has been price stability, which has been defined by the inflation target of 2% represented by the Consumer price index. The secondary target has been to support the economic policies of the UK and meet its target in terms of growth and unemployment. 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Size Zero Models free essay sample

In the present day scenario, I find it quite apparent that all fashion trends mainly target women. I have witnessed that be it big brands like Versace, Damp;G, and Gucci or a local brand such as Primark, everyone wants their media agencies to hire models that are size zero and very few brands have slightly bigger sized women to endorse their product. Seemingly when the question comes to sanction a new product or a new launch arises, the media supports size zero models thus influencing the designers creations. While browsing through various fashion magazines I found that the media agrees with Rosalind Coward’s statement, â€Å"The ‘perfect’ female body would be between five foot eight, long-tregged, tanned and vigorous looking, but above all, without a spare inch of flesh†. (Coward,1984,P52). Subsequently, women with figures fitting the above statement are considered ‘ideal’. Undoubtedly media’s representation of female figures has affected society as a whole, leading to women of every age group and mainly the younger generation trying to be size zero thus overlooking their physical, social and other limitations. Benjamin A Straight of The Two Finger Diet mentions in his book that â€Å"Mellican adds that that there has been pressure on women to conform to prevailing fashions and standards of beauty† (Straight, 2005, p. 36). The portrayal of thin or size zero women as the one that every one yearns for, a hot pick of leading brands coupled with various added advantages has even compelled women to go to every extreme to attain that figure. Even Benjamin says, â€Å"Having the appropriately sized and proportioned body increased a women opportunities for value and esteem from herself, her female peers, males and society† (Straight,2005,p. 3) Browsing through the results of various market trends and surveys, a majority of people wish to have size zero models to endorse their favorite brands. Only few women wished some plus size female models to market their product†. Younger women on the other hand have gone to extremes to be thin or as per the lean models showed in various end orsements or print and digital media ad campaigns. As per renowned Rosalind Coward, â€Å"No one wants to be lump when they could be firm; it would be like choosing to be daft when you could be bright† (Coward,1984,P59). He has rightly manifested in his book that â€Å"There is definite female outline which is considered the cultural ideal†. Media portrayal had made size zero a rage among all age group women. Now, after following the current fashion trends where only zero size models showcase the creations coupled with the popularity of slim and trim international models and Hollywood stars, the words of Benjamin appears true to me i. e. â€Å"The female image in the media has completely changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the 1940s to being busty and narrow hipped from the late 1960’s through 1980’s†. Straight,2005,p. 62) Literature review. Whilst researching the topic, â€Å"How is the representation of size zero models in media affecting todays society? † evidence was found that women in the younger generation felt that they needed to ape the size zero models in order to be accepted and appreciated in society. The book ‘The Two finger Dietâ€⠄¢ by Benjamin A Straight traces the roots of this phenomenon and its development to the present. He ultimately concludes that ‘ideal’ female is purposefully unattainable and leads to several personal as well as social problems. He stated, â€Å"This body type, almost anorexic is not an isolated phenomenon, but instead has become the idealized standard of beauty and fashion since the 1970’s† (Straight, 2005, p. 36). According to Straight, women are taught that appearance is the most important part of their lives, it is more important than what they think and that their appearance effects social opportunities. The male gaze is the main marvel of this book. Men want to perceive women in a certain way that satisfies their wishes. Perfectly proportionate body and flawless skin etc. To please their man, women want to be more like the models and actresses portrayed in the media today. In a similar way Liz Frost in her book â€Å"Young Women and The Body† writes about how young women affect their health by comparing themselves to the misrepresented women in the mass media today. In the earlier days, a slightly plump woman was desirable and now the change to size zero has led to eating disorders and stress on younger women. Therefore, leading to an unhappy relationship between a women and her body. In addition to this, the book ‘The Media and Body Image† written by Wykes and Gunter, it is stated that the blame of female insecurities about their body should not only be directed to the media but also how women today understand it. If females perceive a discrepancy between the accepted standard of female attractiveness and their own bodies, they may become concerned that their own weight is not satisfactory. Rosalin Coward author of the novel, â€Å"Female Desire: Women’s sexuality today† while agreeing with the above mentioned authors concluded that, â€Å"This ‘perfect’ female body would be between five foot eight, long-legged, tanned and vigorous looking, but above all, without a spare inch of flesh† (Coward, 1984, p. 52) By contrast Cooper who wrote â€Å"Fat and Proud† does not agree with the above four authors. She is of the strong opinion that women should accept their bodies the way they were made, and the motive of the media should not make them feel inferior or make them want to be like them instead they should feel comfortable in their own body type. She further goes onto say how weight loss in any form, be it dieting or eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia can lead to severe health problems be it mental or physical. To help her argument she has written about women’s personal experiences with the discrimination that they face on a daily basis and how to live without the fear and shame of their weight. Unlike in the media, where every women seen is a size zero and has gone through several bodily changes to become that way. Authors, Coward (1984), Straight (2005), Wykes amp; Gunter (2005), and Frost (2005) claim that women feel threatened with the size zero models shown in the media and agreed with above mentioned statement proving the evidence found was accurate. Even though these authors were in sync with one another, in contrast Cooper (1998) held a completely different view. He was of the opinion that if a woman was plus sized, she should not be ashamed of herself and should accept herself just the way she is. Methodology After giving a serious thought to the methodology that I should take up for my project, I decided to read and consult numerous books. I referred to Rosalind Coward’s Female desire ; women’s sexuality today, Benjamin A Straight’s The Two Finger Diet and Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter’s The Media and Body Image. After a detailed reading and browsing numerous websites, I came up with the idea of drafting set of questionnaire for my subjects i. e. people of three different age groups. Questions I asked were pertaining to ones notion of ideal figure, attitude towards zero size models, comparison of ones partner’s looks with such models, media’s portrayal of women figure, inclusion of plus size models and their definition of perfect women. I gave first set of questionnaires to be filled to my 20 subjects in the age group 18-25. Out of these 20, I had 15 females and 5 males and all were resident of the same building where I reside. Targeting these subjects was quite challenging as I had to make them understand the importance of these questionnaire for my academic pursuit. My second targeted subjects were in the age group 25-30. I came across 5 subjects i. e. 4 female and 1 male in my building only while next 8 were the one I commuted with during my one of the visits in the Tube. A family lunch provided me with the remaining subjects i. e. 7 at one place only. These subjects were my friends, relatives etc. This age group was comparatively easy to handle and was even enthusiastic about giving feedback. They even discussed scope of my research and my findings in other age groups. During my visit to biggest sainsburry closest to my house, I got to target third age group i. . 30-35. On my first day itself, I came across 16 subjects who willingly answered the questionnaire while my next day visit fetched me remaining 4 subjects in 50 minutes time. The response of this age group subject was quite rational and very well though over. I did launch an online pole to garner information but it was not much fruitful as not much people were keen to participate and e ven their age was not revealed in the survey. I tried to amass information from online studies, local media etc. but could not rely on it due to their lack of authenticity. Findings According to the questionnaire conducted, it was evaluated that 13 women out of 15 in the age bracket of 18-25 wanted to resemble the size zero models shown in the media. Likewise, 11 women out 15 in the bracket of 25-30 responded in a similar way. Moreover a majority of women from these age groups also believed that women are not misrepresented in the media and that the ‘ideal’ figure should remain size zero i. e. plus size models should not emanate. The ideal female figure according to the above mentioned groups is a UK Size 4 or UK Size 6. Moving on, women from the age bracket 30-35 had a completely different response. 9 women out of 15 said that the size zero models have no affect on them and the remaining 6 felt threatened by them, thus proving that the women from this age group in contrast to the other two groups felt that plus size models should arise in society, as in todays world there are a lot of women with different kinds of bodily forms. As a result limiting the media and advertisements seen on television, magazines, tabloids etc. o a certain body type creating stress amongst others. The women also felt with increase in age, daily stress grows and if they are being forced imitate the size zero models it will add to their existing stress of maintaining their own body. The book ‘Media and The Body Image’ by Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter supports the results of the questionnaire as it explains that all these different perceptions of women have increasingly pointed to the media that an idealized, sl ender female form is over represented with possible harmful consequences. Despite the criticisms leveled at the media in this context, surprisingly little work has actually addressed either the nature of media representations of the body or the ways in which audiences may interpret and use such images. Conclusion In conclusion, during the course of this project it was found that women from the age group of 18-25 and 25-30 seemed comfortable with the idea of size zero models and would preferably change their body in order to become that size. They felt that they needed to imitate the models and would make the necessary changes to themselves be it physical or mental to do so. This was not shocking as in today’s day and age the media is conveying a message of women being â€Å"perfect† and the idea of that perfectness comes from them looking their best at all times. â€Å"The media’s role in constructing and/ or reinforcing the notion that to be a woman means to be visual object, slim, ‘attractive’ and preferably blonde and white skinned has been convincingly theorized†(Frost, 2001, p. 5) On the other hand, women in the older age group do not get affected from the representation of size zero models in the media and would rather see plus size models being given the same importance. Also, the men from all age groups confessed that they compare their partners to the ideal female figure and would preferably want them to look like the models. In words of Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter, â €Å"older women believe that a more curvaceous and a fuller figure is ‘most attractive to the opposite sex’ where the younger women picked a much thinner silhouette than the older women as being ‘most attractive to the opposite sex’ †.