The Incidence Of Thyroid Cancer - 2648 Words

The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly rising in the US accounting for 62,980 cases with 1890 deaths every year[1]. It is the seventh most common cancer diagnosed in women and peaks earlier than in men. Despite its high prevalence, death rate from thyroid cancer is fairly stable from past many years. In general, thyroid cancer offers a good prognosis with an overall survival rate of approximately 90%[2]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) termed as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) contribute to majority of thyroid cancers sharing a superior prognosis. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), mostly acquired as a part of familial syndromes, display only modest cure rates. While surgical resection followed by radioiodine therapy remains the treatment of choice for localized thyroid cancer, it fails to eradicate tumors with aggressive behavior. In marked contrast to DTC, anaplastic carcinoma (ATC), an undifferentiated sub-type of thyroid cancer, ha s a higher propensity to locally invade nearby structures and metastasize rapidly. It approaches to almost 50% of all thyroid cancer-related deaths, the median survival being only six months[3]. The grim prognosis of ATC is due to the fact that it is diagnosed at an advanced stage which offers palliative treatment as the only option for patients suffering from the disease. Because of the chemo- and radio-resistant nature observed in aggressive thyroid cancers, many researchers have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Levels Of T4 And Tsh Are Vital For The Diagnosis Of Hypothyroidism Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesconclusions by the use of the clinical symptoms only. The functioning of thyroid aberrations have to be screened for once an aged individual shows one or some the signs of the disorder (Franklyn, 2013). Epidemiology. Genetic as well as the environmental factors show indifference in the presence of hypothyroidism. Several studies in the field of epidemiology have proven that age brings about alterations in the concentration of the thyroid hormone. Among males, the level of TSH is said to stabilise with ageRead MoreThe Most Common Types Of Cancer1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease, cancer has plagued our society for years. Cancer has dated back to 3000 BC. From then to now, many people have been diagnosed and died due to this monstrosity of a disease. Since 1990, approximately 11 million new cancer cases have been diagnosed and 5 million lives have been taken. In 2016, 1,685,210 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States and 595,690 people will die due to cancer. The most common types of cancer today are breast cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, prostateRead MoreThyroid Carcinomas1178 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for 1 % of cancers worldwide, and its incidence is rising faster than many other cancers, with the highest overall rate of increase in cancer deaths. The annual incidence varies considerably by geographic area, age and sex. The increase is attributable to better detection of small carcinomas as a result of improved diagnostic accuracy. However, the number of patients who die due to this disease also increases [1]Read MorePopulation Based Cancer Database By National Cancer Institute994 Words   |  4 PagesThe SEER is a population-based cancer database by National Cancer Institute. The SEER 13 represents approximately 14% of the population of the United States and includes 13 cancer registries - San Francisco-Oakland, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Seattle (Puget Sound region), Utah, Atlanta, San Jose-Monterey, Los Angles, Alaska Natives, and rural Georgia. High quality data are collected from hospitals and cancer treatment centers. The database includes primary tumor site, stagingRead MoreBurkitt s Lymphom An Uncommon Form Of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma1040 Words   |  5 Pagesprimary malignancies (SPM) in Burkitt’s lymphoma patients is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the risk of SPMs in adult patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma from National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER 13 is a population based cancer database sponsored by National Cancer Institute. SEER 13 represents 13.8% of US population and covers following geographical areas - San Francisco-Oakland SMSA, Connecticut, Detroit (Metropolitan), Hawaii, IowaRead MorePractice Questions 2 [Chapter 9-18] Book: Epidemiology [Leon Gordis]2157 Words   |  9 Pagesit is to identify the causing factors. 2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a prospective cohort study? a. It usually costs less than a case-control study b. Precise measurement of exposure is possible c. Incidence rates can be calculated d. Recall bias is minimized compared with a case-control study e. Many disease outcomes can be studied simultaneously ANSWER: A According to Gordis, â€Å"A major problem with the cohort design just described isRead MoreChemical Compounds That Have A Effect On The Public Health825 Words   |  4 Pages Perchlorates are inorganic chemical compounds that have a pounding effect on human health and especially on the thyroid homeostasis. The growing levels of perchlorates in drinking water and industrial waste have a detrimental impact on the public health in various ways. This report tries to correlate the impact of perchlorates and their effect on the human population. The damage caused by perchlorates varies from person to person and is governed by a set of factors like the duration ofRead MoreThe Case of Nick Smith1178 Words   |  5 PagesLeonard suspect is wrong with Nick? What tests should Dr. Leonard order? What might be causing Nick’s pallor? anemia cancer infection What are some possible causes of Nick’s weight loss? infection GI problems cancer thyroid or other endocrine problem loss of appetite due to disease not feeding properly What might Dr. Leonard suspect is wrong with Nick? infection GI problems cancer thyroid or other endocrine problem loss of appetite due to disease not feeding properly internal bleeding liver, kidney,Read MoreAn Autoimmune Disorder That Directly Affects The Thyroid Gland1539 Words   |  7 PagesGraves’ Disease is identified as an autoimmune disorder that directly affects the thyroid gland. Characterized as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ Disease encompasses an overactive, enlarged thyroid gland, which produces an excess of thyroid hormones [1]. Approximately 3% of the United States population is affected by Graves’ Disease and 60-80% of patients affected with Graves’ disease are diagnosed with hyperthyroidism [2]. The approximate female to male ratio is 5/1, with majorityRead MoreEssay On Goiter756 Words   |  4 PagesChildren with goiter were characterized by a twofold higher hair B levels than the control ones. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant direct association only between thyroid volume and hair B (r = 0.482) level, Mickuviene et al. (2016). Boron was measured in plasma, excess value of the cont ent of boron at 32.29% was found in children with goiter compared with those from control group. Children with goiter show increased content of boron in hair (Kudabayeva et al., 2017). Dietary B treatments

Ethics And Code Of Professional Conduct - 1598 Words

Assignment One This assignment demonstrates why nurses who are working in the healthcare profession must work legally and ethically, describes some of the legislations and Tort laws that are directly associated with the nursing profession and also the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s (NMBA) Code of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. Failure to provide care within these parameters could lead to serious consequences for the patient and nurse themselves. Enrolled Nurses must work within certain legal and ethical parameters to ensure appropriate care is provided to patients and also so the nursing profession itself is upheld in a respectful and trusting manner. In order to work ethically, nurses are required to adhere to the code of ethics and code of professional conduct set by the NMBA. If nurses fail to adhere to these codes loss of licence to practice, taken to court by the patient, bad reputation and loss of trust from patients and other staff could be some of the consequences. The legal parameters that affect nurses are those such as Statute and Common laws and also Tort laws such as Assault, Battery and negligence. The Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act of 2009 is a law that has been introduced to establish a National Registration and accreditation system for health professionals and students. Health professionals are required to be regulated and the registration of students who are participating in studies that will lead to a qualification inShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct1274 Words   |  6 PagesReview of the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct of BIP The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (CEPC) has been formulated on the basis of article 44, 45, 46, 47 of BIP constitution, to secure the rights and benefits of the Planners community in Bangladesh. CEPC not only provide guidance and support to the members of BIP on their lead in the professional field but also offers assurance to the client who avails the services of Planners. Members have the opportunity to express their opinionRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesCode of Ethics and Professional Conduct Introduction Ethics and professionalism are the centerpieces of any organization that wants to conduct business in today’s global environment. The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an organization that believes in the principles that governs professional behavior and ethics. By a consensus decree of many countries worldwide; the PMI formed the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (CEPC) for project management. The CEPC became the standard that all projectRead MoreEthics And Professional Codes Of Conduct878 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Professional Codes of Conduct (Unit 10), Trump won the president in this month. After two months, Donald Trump will be the official president. However, the concerns about his ethics is upcoming to everyone’s mind. As we known, The Trump Organization runs a lot of business all around the US. When Donald Trump moves into the White House, he ll be the most controversial president in America history. After Trump is the president, his business interest is related to the politic. But thereRead MoreCloud Computing And Ethics And Code Of Professional Conduct1253 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cloud computing brings significant change and influence to the world. It also raises numerous ethical issues. This essay will discuss the ethical issues regarding Cloud computing in line with Australian Computer Society’s Code of ethics and code of professional conduct. To achieve this, this essay will first provide a brief description of Cloud Computing followed by discussion of ethical issues of this technology. Possible solutions for these issues are last presented as the conclusion. CloudRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct For The Respiratory Therapist1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe following are guidelines from the AARC Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for the respiratory therapist Along with these guidelines, I will discuss my opinion and the importance of each one. Each one will be discussed based on the order they are written in the AARC Code of Ethics Guide. †¢ Demonstrate behavior that reflects integrity, supports objectivity, and fosters trust in the profession and its professionals. This means that the respiratory therapist should harbor the quality ofRead MoreOccupational Therapy Code Of Ethics And Professional Conduct1544 Words   |  7 PagesIt is the responsibility as well as an expectation for Occupational Therapists (OTs) to maintain a professional behaviour, in order to build a therapeutic relationship in and outside a therapeutic setting. The OTs have a duty of care to use the correct knowledge and skills to enhance the life quality of a service user. 1 There is no clear-cut definition for Professionalism. However it can be defined as upholding and applying the values of a profession by having specific knowledge about the occupationRead MoreAn Analysis of the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics of Ipra and Cerp in Relation with That of Nipr3302 Words   |  14 PagesANALYSIS OF THE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICS OF IPRA AND CERP IN RELATION WITH THAT OF NIPR ABSTRACT Professional code of conduct and ethics has come to stay with all professions who wish to promote healthy relationship and commitment of its member. These ethics and code of conducts help streamline the activities of members in the performance of their tasks. Public relations practice have over the years become an accepted human endeavour and the application of this code have become importantRead MoreThe Radio-Television News Directors Association: Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct1040 Words   |  4 PagesCODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION The Radio-Television News Directors Association, wishing to foster the highest professional standards of electronic journalism, promote public understanding of and confidence in electronic journalism, and strengthen principles of journalistic freedom to gather and disseminate information, establishes this Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. PREAMBLE Professional electronic journalists should operate as trusteesRead MoreA Brief Note On Ethics And Conduct And Behavior1089 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Research Report Student Name: Longfei Wang Student ID: 11529471 Executive Summary This report describe the two professional areas, they are Early Childhood and Public Relation (PR). In this two areas, this article illustrates the importance of three professional codes which are ethics, conduct and behavior. The report also reveal some ethical or unethical behaviors in the light of the two professional areas. Then the two professions will be compared in the codes ofRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. Business, for instance, has set of principles which act as a guide on how the employees ought to conduct themselves while executing their duty .The set of rules and principles refer to the code of ethics. The code of ethics gives a guide on the professionals expected conduct while working for a given organization

The Impact of Financial Derivatives Market on the Uk...

Research Proposal: 1-Provisional title: The impact of Financial Derivatives market on the UK economy-: Before, during and after the 2008 Financial crisis. 2-Rationale The operations of the derivative market has become a rising concern today in the world and in the UK in particular as this market could destabilize the efficiency of the financial market and the economy at large if not managed properly by its users or if a major fault occurs in the derivative market, as it plays a vital role as a risk management instrument in the economy. Financial derivatives had been introduced in the financial markets as an instrument to help manage risk cause by fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates and stock market prices in the financial†¦show more content†¦He based his research on what was he called the real and behavioural triggers of the 2008 financial crisis. He then went on to say that the real triggers of the crisis had to do with the systematic environment of high leverage in the financial markets, corporate and household sectors and the international nature of finance and banks balance sheets. He classified the underestimation of risk by almost all agents in the economy as a behavioural trigger to the crisis. He specified on the underestimation of risk in the newly issued assets and also in the corporate sector leverage that began in the 21st century. According to him, new and complex derivatives instruments were not mostly regulated before the crisis of 2008, which he suggested could have been the trigger to the crisis. He concluded that some of the triggers like the behavioural trigger could only be incorporated into the new bank regulations as they would not change. Another study carried out by Shiu Yung-Ming et. al. (2005), examined the determinants and the impact of derivative usage on bank risk. In their study, they said derivatives had proved to be an efficient tool in the management of risk as it was an easy instrument for which residual risk from commercial operations was hedged. They agreed with most researchers by saying that derivative usage was a primary instrument used by both financial and non-financial firms for the management of their financial risks. Thus they came to a realisation that the use ofShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreImpact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility1588 Words   |  7 Pages Impact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility Derivatives has been the talk of the financial world after it was accussed as the primary reason for such a deep financial crisis that affecetd the global economy in 2007. Thus, the modelling of asset returns and judging the volatility of stock market and whether the derivatives have a substantial effect on stock market volatility, is still the key task for every finance professional as it provides much needed on risk patterns involvedRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Uk Job Market2471 Words   |  10 PagesThe impact of the financial crisis on the UK job market and employment (2007-2009) Module: PM021-Aspects of British Culture and Society Name: JUN YU WU Student Number: 0908108 Tutor: Jeff Meadowcroft Word Count: 1,970 Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 3 2. Global financial crisis (2007-2009)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 3. Influence on world job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3-4 4. Influence on the UK job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4-5 4Read MoreThe Bank Of England As A Independent Institution Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy where a Central Bank creates new money electronically to buy financial assets, like government bonds. This process aims to directly increase private sector spending in the economy and return inflation to target†. The primary target of the MPC has been price stability, which has been defined by the inflation target of 2% represented by the Consumer price index. The secondary target has been to support the economic policies of the UK and meet its target in terms of growth and unemployment. GenerallyRead MoreThe Ring Fencing Of A Bank4033 Words   |  17 Pages2018-2019, is the last and most necessary reform of the UK banking system to prevent a recurrence of a major financial crisis such as the one the occurred in 2008-2010. Ring-fencing is the separation of all the Bank’s critical banking services from their investment and wholesale banking services . This means to segregate the retail banking from investment banking to protect consumers from systemic problems with the system. On 4th February 2013 the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Bill (the Bill) was introducedRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of The United States1999 Words   |  8 Pages Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 originated in the United States spread to the financial systems of many other countries, including CIS countries, by means of the domino effect. Bankruptcy of one of the largest Americans Bank, Lehman Brothers Holdings PLC, in someway was a launcher of this global crisis the scope of that can be compared with the Great Depression of the 30s of the last century. No one could have even believed that a crisis in the local market of subprime mortgage loans in the USA wouldRead MoreA Crisis so Severe, the World Financial System Is Affected4194 Words   |  17 PagesA Crisis So Severe, The World Financial System Is Affected Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble—global in scope—has now burst. A collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market and the reversal of the housing boom in other industrialized economies have had a ripple effect around the world. Furthermore, other weaknesses in the global financial system have surfaced. Some financial products and instruments have become so complex and twisted, that as things start to unravel, trustRead MoreEffects of Finanacial Crises on Nigerian Capital Market5207 Words   |  21 Pagessub-prime mortgage crisis that commenced in the United States in 2007 soon resonated in other sectors of its financial system, and the economy, at large. It spread quickly to the developed economies in Europe, including the United Kingdom, and Asia -with Japan becoming well affected. The emerging economies were not isolated. A transmission channel of the global financial crisis, which has been referred to as the â€Å"Globalised Synchronized Slowdown† is the stock market SERE-EJEMBI, (2008). Around the worldRead MoreTerm Report: The Impact of Eurozone Crises3542 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ The Impact of Euro Zone Crises Term Report Contents ABSTRACT: 2 CRISIS IN THE EURO ZONE 2 TRADE 5 Impact on Aggregate Trade 5 Impact on Trade Pricing 6 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 6 FINANCIAL INTEGRATION 8 GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT 9 EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND INVESTMENT 10 LABOUR MARKETS 11 COMPETITIVENESS 12 REFERENCES 14 Abstract The report aims to analyze the global impact of the Eurozone crisis. The recent Eurozone crisis has affected all parts of the world andRead MoreNorthern Rock Term Paper6719 Words   |  27 PagesProbability High Impact (LPHI) Risk 10 4 Analysis of Market Condition 10 4.1 U.S Sub-prime Mortgage Market Crisis 10 4.2 Consequences of U.S. Sub-prime Mortgage Market Crisis 11 4.3 Impact on Northern Rock 12 5 The Collapse of Northern Rock 13 5.1 Bank Run 13 5.2 Nationalization of Northern Rock 14 5.3 Insufficient Due Diligence 14 5.4 Inaccurate Business Forecasts 15 6 Ineffective Depository Insurance Scheme 15 7 Regulators’ Role in Northern Rock’s Failure 15 7.1 Financial Services

Size Zero Models free essay sample

In the present day scenario, I find it quite apparent that all fashion trends mainly target women. I have witnessed that be it big brands like Versace, Damp;G, and Gucci or a local brand such as Primark, everyone wants their media agencies to hire models that are size zero and very few brands have slightly bigger sized women to endorse their product. Seemingly when the question comes to sanction a new product or a new launch arises, the media supports size zero models thus influencing the designers creations. While browsing through various fashion magazines I found that the media agrees with Rosalind Coward’s statement, â€Å"The ‘perfect’ female body would be between five foot eight, long-tregged, tanned and vigorous looking, but above all, without a spare inch of flesh†. (Coward,1984,P52). Subsequently, women with figures fitting the above statement are considered ‘ideal’. Undoubtedly media’s representation of female figures has affected society as a whole, leading to women of every age group and mainly the younger generation trying to be size zero thus overlooking their physical, social and other limitations. Benjamin A Straight of The Two Finger Diet mentions in his book that â€Å"Mellican adds that that there has been pressure on women to conform to prevailing fashions and standards of beauty† (Straight, 2005, p. 36). The portrayal of thin or size zero women as the one that every one yearns for, a hot pick of leading brands coupled with various added advantages has even compelled women to go to every extreme to attain that figure. Even Benjamin says, â€Å"Having the appropriately sized and proportioned body increased a women opportunities for value and esteem from herself, her female peers, males and society† (Straight,2005,p. 3) Browsing through the results of various market trends and surveys, a majority of people wish to have size zero models to endorse their favorite brands. Only few women wished some plus size female models to market their product†. Younger women on the other hand have gone to extremes to be thin or as per the lean models showed in various end orsements or print and digital media ad campaigns. As per renowned Rosalind Coward, â€Å"No one wants to be lump when they could be firm; it would be like choosing to be daft when you could be bright† (Coward,1984,P59). He has rightly manifested in his book that â€Å"There is definite female outline which is considered the cultural ideal†. Media portrayal had made size zero a rage among all age group women. Now, after following the current fashion trends where only zero size models showcase the creations coupled with the popularity of slim and trim international models and Hollywood stars, the words of Benjamin appears true to me i. e. â€Å"The female image in the media has completely changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the 1940s to being busty and narrow hipped from the late 1960’s through 1980’s†. Straight,2005,p. 62) Literature review. Whilst researching the topic, â€Å"How is the representation of size zero models in media affecting todays society? † evidence was found that women in the younger generation felt that they needed to ape the size zero models in order to be accepted and appreciated in society. The book ‘The Two finger Dietâ€⠄¢ by Benjamin A Straight traces the roots of this phenomenon and its development to the present. He ultimately concludes that ‘ideal’ female is purposefully unattainable and leads to several personal as well as social problems. He stated, â€Å"This body type, almost anorexic is not an isolated phenomenon, but instead has become the idealized standard of beauty and fashion since the 1970’s† (Straight, 2005, p. 36). According to Straight, women are taught that appearance is the most important part of their lives, it is more important than what they think and that their appearance effects social opportunities. The male gaze is the main marvel of this book. Men want to perceive women in a certain way that satisfies their wishes. Perfectly proportionate body and flawless skin etc. To please their man, women want to be more like the models and actresses portrayed in the media today. In a similar way Liz Frost in her book â€Å"Young Women and The Body† writes about how young women affect their health by comparing themselves to the misrepresented women in the mass media today. In the earlier days, a slightly plump woman was desirable and now the change to size zero has led to eating disorders and stress on younger women. Therefore, leading to an unhappy relationship between a women and her body. In addition to this, the book ‘The Media and Body Image† written by Wykes and Gunter, it is stated that the blame of female insecurities about their body should not only be directed to the media but also how women today understand it. If females perceive a discrepancy between the accepted standard of female attractiveness and their own bodies, they may become concerned that their own weight is not satisfactory. Rosalin Coward author of the novel, â€Å"Female Desire: Women’s sexuality today† while agreeing with the above mentioned authors concluded that, â€Å"This ‘perfect’ female body would be between five foot eight, long-legged, tanned and vigorous looking, but above all, without a spare inch of flesh† (Coward, 1984, p. 52) By contrast Cooper who wrote â€Å"Fat and Proud† does not agree with the above four authors. She is of the strong opinion that women should accept their bodies the way they were made, and the motive of the media should not make them feel inferior or make them want to be like them instead they should feel comfortable in their own body type. She further goes onto say how weight loss in any form, be it dieting or eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia can lead to severe health problems be it mental or physical. To help her argument she has written about women’s personal experiences with the discrimination that they face on a daily basis and how to live without the fear and shame of their weight. Unlike in the media, where every women seen is a size zero and has gone through several bodily changes to become that way. Authors, Coward (1984), Straight (2005), Wykes amp; Gunter (2005), and Frost (2005) claim that women feel threatened with the size zero models shown in the media and agreed with above mentioned statement proving the evidence found was accurate. Even though these authors were in sync with one another, in contrast Cooper (1998) held a completely different view. He was of the opinion that if a woman was plus sized, she should not be ashamed of herself and should accept herself just the way she is. Methodology After giving a serious thought to the methodology that I should take up for my project, I decided to read and consult numerous books. I referred to Rosalind Coward’s Female desire ; women’s sexuality today, Benjamin A Straight’s The Two Finger Diet and Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter’s The Media and Body Image. After a detailed reading and browsing numerous websites, I came up with the idea of drafting set of questionnaire for my subjects i. e. people of three different age groups. Questions I asked were pertaining to ones notion of ideal figure, attitude towards zero size models, comparison of ones partner’s looks with such models, media’s portrayal of women figure, inclusion of plus size models and their definition of perfect women. I gave first set of questionnaires to be filled to my 20 subjects in the age group 18-25. Out of these 20, I had 15 females and 5 males and all were resident of the same building where I reside. Targeting these subjects was quite challenging as I had to make them understand the importance of these questionnaire for my academic pursuit. My second targeted subjects were in the age group 25-30. I came across 5 subjects i. e. 4 female and 1 male in my building only while next 8 were the one I commuted with during my one of the visits in the Tube. A family lunch provided me with the remaining subjects i. e. 7 at one place only. These subjects were my friends, relatives etc. This age group was comparatively easy to handle and was even enthusiastic about giving feedback. They even discussed scope of my research and my findings in other age groups. During my visit to biggest sainsburry closest to my house, I got to target third age group i. . 30-35. On my first day itself, I came across 16 subjects who willingly answered the questionnaire while my next day visit fetched me remaining 4 subjects in 50 minutes time. The response of this age group subject was quite rational and very well though over. I did launch an online pole to garner information but it was not much fruitful as not much people were keen to participate and e ven their age was not revealed in the survey. I tried to amass information from online studies, local media etc. but could not rely on it due to their lack of authenticity. Findings According to the questionnaire conducted, it was evaluated that 13 women out of 15 in the age bracket of 18-25 wanted to resemble the size zero models shown in the media. Likewise, 11 women out 15 in the bracket of 25-30 responded in a similar way. Moreover a majority of women from these age groups also believed that women are not misrepresented in the media and that the ‘ideal’ figure should remain size zero i. e. plus size models should not emanate. The ideal female figure according to the above mentioned groups is a UK Size 4 or UK Size 6. Moving on, women from the age bracket 30-35 had a completely different response. 9 women out of 15 said that the size zero models have no affect on them and the remaining 6 felt threatened by them, thus proving that the women from this age group in contrast to the other two groups felt that plus size models should arise in society, as in todays world there are a lot of women with different kinds of bodily forms. As a result limiting the media and advertisements seen on television, magazines, tabloids etc. o a certain body type creating stress amongst others. The women also felt with increase in age, daily stress grows and if they are being forced imitate the size zero models it will add to their existing stress of maintaining their own body. The book ‘Media and The Body Image’ by Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter supports the results of the questionnaire as it explains that all these different perceptions of women have increasingly pointed to the media that an idealized, sl ender female form is over represented with possible harmful consequences. Despite the criticisms leveled at the media in this context, surprisingly little work has actually addressed either the nature of media representations of the body or the ways in which audiences may interpret and use such images. Conclusion In conclusion, during the course of this project it was found that women from the age group of 18-25 and 25-30 seemed comfortable with the idea of size zero models and would preferably change their body in order to become that size. They felt that they needed to imitate the models and would make the necessary changes to themselves be it physical or mental to do so. This was not shocking as in today’s day and age the media is conveying a message of women being â€Å"perfect† and the idea of that perfectness comes from them looking their best at all times. â€Å"The media’s role in constructing and/ or reinforcing the notion that to be a woman means to be visual object, slim, ‘attractive’ and preferably blonde and white skinned has been convincingly theorized†(Frost, 2001, p. 5) On the other hand, women in the older age group do not get affected from the representation of size zero models in the media and would rather see plus size models being given the same importance. Also, the men from all age groups confessed that they compare their partners to the ideal female figure and would preferably want them to look like the models. In words of Maggie Wykes and Barrie Gunter, â €Å"older women believe that a more curvaceous and a fuller figure is ‘most attractive to the opposite sex’ where the younger women picked a much thinner silhouette than the older women as being ‘most attractive to the opposite sex’ †.