Monday, January 20, 2020
The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays
The Merchant of Venice      The playgoers of Shakespeare's times, a successful drama was one that combined a variety of action, along with a mixture of verse and prose in the language used. This variety was achieved, and character and atmosphere was summarized. Modern playwrights tend to describe their characters in detail in the stage directions, leaving very little for the reader to discover. However, Shakespeare's describing of a character is scarce. Usually, when reading Shakespeare's work, the audience has to detect the personality of the character by the character's action in the play, relationship towards other characters in the play , and most of all the character's manner of speech. Most of the times, the passages are of great poetic beauty discussing love, dramatic speeches filled with bombast, humorous speeches, and mischievous wordplays.      Passages of great poetic beauty discussing love are very common in all of Shakespeare's texts. For example in The Merchant of Venice, before Bassanio is about to select the correct casket, he is urged by Portia to delay his selection in case he fails. However Bassanio wishes to continue. Portia:      I pray you tarry, pause a day or two      Before you hazard, for in choosing wrong      I lose your company. Therefore forbear awhile.      There's something tells me (but it is not love) I would not lose you, and you know yourself      Hate consels not in such a quality.      But lest you should not understand my well-      And yet a maiden hath no tongue but thought-      I would detatin you here some month or two      Before you venture for me. I could teach you      How to choose right, but then I am forsworn.      So will I never be; so may you miss me;      But if you do, you'll make me wish a sin-      That I had been forsworn. Beshrew your eyes!      They have o'erlooked me and divided me;      One half of me is yours, the other half yours-      Mine own, I would say, but if mine, then yours,      And so all yours! O, these naughty times      Put bars between the owners and their rights!      And so, though yours, not yours. Prove it so,      Let Fortune go to hell for it, not I.      I speak too long, but 'tis to piece the time,      To eke it, and to draw it out in length,      To stay you from election. Bassanio:      Let me choose,      For as I am , I live upon the rack.      This love dialogue between Bassanio and Portia before he chooses is filled with elegant connotation. They are both respective and responsive to one anothe, and they understand each other instantly.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Professional Roles and Values Essay
Nursing is a profession that constantly evolves to improve itself. There is a high demand for nurses all across America. Excellent nursing practice is achieved by understanding the history of nursing and integrating the milestones achieved with the present practice. Through advanced education and new technology the nurse can provide the patient with the best care and promote community health. Knowledge gives us power to change and advance in healthcare. My mission is to demonstrate excellence in clinical care by my commitment to evidence-based practice research, continuing education, and by delivering culturally competent patient care in a caring and healing environment in accordance with the nurse practice act. PART A The Board of Nursing (BON) is a regulatory agency that functions to protect the public as well as govern the safe practice of nurses. Every state has a board of nursing that mandates the nurse practice act be properly carried out. Nurse practice acts define the scope of nursing, how to obtain licensure, how to lose licensure, and the consequences of practicing without a license. The makeup of the nursing board and its responsibilities come from the nurse practice acts also. The BON is responsible for reviewing the nurse practice act to ensure that minimum standards of practice are defined. The BON also approves nursing education programs, evaluates applicants, issues licensure, and disciplines those who violate the law (Pearson Education, 2010). To obtain a nursing license in South Carolina I am required by the BON to have demonstrated competency in performing regulated activities that are complex, require skill, and independent decision -making. This is determined by showing verification of graduating from an approved Registered Nurse education program, passing the national licensing test, and passing a criminal background check. In order to renew my license biennially I must go through the BON and show verification of competency and the number of hours practiced as evidenced by my employer certification on a form approved by the Board. If I fail to comply the renewal requirements the BON may deny my application for renewal. Also, abiding by the nurse practice act and refraining from unethical decisions such as; using drug and alcohol at work, diverting narcotics, and abusing patients I am able to remain in good standing with the BON and abstain from any disciplinary action from the BON. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a Professional Nursing Organization that provides nurses a variety of resources to support their careers. The ANA offers leadership positions within the organizations and workshops for continuing education as well as employment resources. Conferences are held within the organization to network and congregate about healthcare reform. Although the ANA does not offer any legal authority to grant licensure or enforce practice policy, it carries the voice of the nurse and the public to the regulatory agency to evoke change (ANA, 2013). I currently am not a member of the ANA, but I plan to join. Being as though I am a nurse that works in the emergency department I feel the need to voice concerns I have in dealing with patient care and staffing issues. I also would like to have a voice in addressing safe nurse to patient ratios in the emergency department. The ANA can help with these issues I face by helping to promote the interests of nurses to state and federal legislative bodies like the BON. I feel this organization can help me obtain the education I need in directing me to online courses offering continuing education credits and assist me in special credentialing such as obtaining a Certified Emergency Nurse certificate. PART B Nursing ethics are a set of standards concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationship with patients, patients’ family members, other healthcare providers, policymakers, and society as a whole (Cherry & Jacob, 2011). One provision from the code of ethics that influences my practice is â€Å"The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development (ANA, 2013). Although patient care is of the utmost importance nursing can’t be practiced without the appropriate knowledge required. Evidence-based practiced research is such an important component to nursing. Without the continuous studies of such research progress would not be made in healthcare advancements. As a nurse that has worked in the emergency department I have engaged in educational opportunities offered by the emergency department has helped with quality improvement initiatives and increased patient satisfaction scores. A second provision that has influenced my practice in nursing is listed as â€Å"The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community (ANA, 2013). â€Å" Many times in the emergency department families and friends are surrounding their loved one. It is the nurse’s primary duty to advocate for the patient. Many times families have other ideas of healthcare that the patient is not interested in. This is where communication and education is imperative between all involved. Also, if the patient refuses any type of care education is the best answer and then acceptance if the refusal is ongoing. Honoring the patient’s wishes as long as patient safety is not an issue must be upheld in the nursing pr ofession. PART C The ANA Code of Ethics consists of several traits that should be the underlying basis from all professional nursing practices. As a nurse one must interact with a multidisciplinary team to reach optimal results for a patient’s outcome. One of the trait’s that is important is mutual respect. In an Emergency Department I work with several entities all of which have the patient’s best interest at heart. Collaborating, listening, supporting, and implementing goals are all part of having mutual respect for the team members as well as the patient and patient’s family. Another trait that is important is confidentiality. Privacy is an essential code of ethics. Discussing pertinent issues about a patient is restricted to those directly involved in patient care. Many times individuals try to call the emergency department and get updates on patients. I follow the laws in my setting regarding this issue. A third trait would be having respect for human dignity. This is important in the emergency department when patients are too sick to move. Many times patients soil themselves and feel embarrassed. We as nurses must acknowledged their feelings in a therapeutic way. We must maintain professional and never judge the patient in these instances. A fourth trait I possess would be accountability. I take full responsibility to abide by the nurse practice act in my state. I follow the requirement for licensure renewal and take continuing education classes pertinent to my work area. I also am accountable for the nursing care of patients and to practice using the standards of care in my hospital. If I make a mistake I am held accountable for my actions and report any incidents to the appropriate personnel. PART D Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring plays a significant part in promotion of a patient’s health. This theory suggests that there are carative factors that are the core to nursing. It is a holistic outlook that addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills (Cherry & Jacob, 2011). Caring is a key element of the patient’s outcome. Possessing a caring heart sets the bar high in healthcare. â€Å"The transpersonal process of caring, or caring among, nurse, environment, and client, is essential to healing†and the nurse is the tool that â€Å"implements these carative factors, that facilitates, and promotes†the restoration of the patient health (Cherry & Jacob, 2011).†PART D1 Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring fits in my professional practice daily. This model helps to establish a trusting rapport between you and the patient. When dealing with patients on an everyday basis the nurse is the one who interacts with the patient the most and sets the tone for the relationship. Compassion and human touch are necessary for positive patient outcomes. Following this module reminds me and helps me to improve my delivery of care by allowing patients to communicate feelings while I actively listen to their needs. When I enter a patient’s room I survey the scene or take a holistic approach. I want to let this patient know I care about all of their needs and not just the medical concerns. The theory states â€Å"interconnectedness of one human touching or caring for another is a carative factor which promotes restoration of health and equilibrium†(Cherry & Jacob, 2011). After I introduce myself to the patient I immediately ask them how they are feeling or if there is anything that they are concerned about. I feel this gives the patient the opportunity to discuss concerns and allows time for therapeutic communication establishing a trusting nurse to patient environment. Watson’s carative factors help with caring or maintaining health even when a patient is terminal. I instill this theory through offering chaplin services to patients or assistance finding mental support for those that are terminal. I come in contact with many different cultures in the emergency department and it is important to recognize the need for teaching and making it conducive for the patients to learn about their medication or disease process. Using a language lines shows the patient that you care about their health and education. PART E Florence Nightingale was inspirational and changed the face of nursing across the world from a career many looked down upon to a highly skilled and respected medical profession by implementing standards in healthcare and training others for the occupation. After witnessing the unsanitary conditions during the Crimean War she obtained hundreds of scrub brushes and asked nurses and the least sick patients to scrub the inside of the hospital from floor the ceiling (The Biography Company, 2014). Her compassionate, dedicated, and skilled work helped her to reduce the hospitals death rate by two-thirds from implementing â€Å"The Environmental Theory†into her practice (The Biography Company, 2014). Florence was a nurse that was able to look outside the box and critical think to find solutions to better healthcare. After learning of her great achievements the one I use most in my healthcare setting is following sanitary measures. The spread of bacteria is very prevalent among the emergency department and by adhering to hand hygiene principles and other core measures to keep from the spread of disease I feel her testimony sets the stage for mostly all healthcare employees. Also, through her courage and compassion for humanity she helped to mold my nursing practice into one of diligence. PART F Respect for autonomy comes to mind when I think of a case scenario. Upon triaging a patient with their significant other in the room I came across the medical history section. This may cause concern for some patients being as though we must obtain a full medical history. I explained to the patient that I have personal questions to ask her and needed to know if she would like to be alone during this process. The patient stated she would like her significant other to leave the room. When interviewing the patient they informed me that they did not want their history disclosed to the significant other or any of the results of testing that day. I appreciated this request and then informed the significant other that they must remain in the waiting room until testing was finished and that it would be up to the patient to notify them of updates. Beneficence is the principle of providing good to someone whereas non-maleficence addresses the risk of a procedure to cause harm to a patient (Cherry & Jacob, 2011). An example of beneficence I encountered was when an elderly patient was scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization performed. While performing the pre-op measures for this patient it was observed that this patient had an area of breakdown on his skin and an elevated temperature. I immediately called the cardiologist and informed him of the findings. He came to talk to the patient and decided to reschedule the procedure for another day when he was afebrile. Without reporting the finding to the doctor the patient could have introduced infection into the bloodstream and could have became septic with critical results. REFERENCES ANA Nursing World. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. (2011). Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends and Management, (5th edition). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Florence Nightingale. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539 Pearson Education. (2010). Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_sullivan_effective_6/21/5493/1406300.cw/content/index.html
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Literature Review Law On The Books - 855 Words
Literature Review â€Å"Law on the Books†Repeat offenders are perhaps the most difficult offender population for the system to handle, and â€Å"protecting communities from these offenders may be the most emotionally and politically charged challenge for the criminal justice system†(Dickey Hollenhorst, 1999). Though most states had statues targeting career criminals, policy makers and the public continued to push for harsher punishments for repeat offenders during the twentieth century (Brown Jolivette, 2005). As a result, strict sentencing laws were enforced, such as, three strikes, that required a person convicted of a felony, that had a previous conviction of one or more felonies to receive a sentence enhancement (Brown Jolivette, 2005). Supporters of three strikes legislation claimed that these laws could be utilized as a tool to control the crime problem, and was the only way to keep violent repeat offenders off of the streets (Brown Jolivette, 2005). Essentially, three strikes laws were implemented as a means to effect crime in two ways. First, as a means of incapacitation, by extending sentences to remove repeat offenders from society for long periods of time to restrict their ability to commit crime (Dickey Hollenhorst, 1999). Second, as a means of deterrence, by threatening longer sentences that would dissuade offenders from engaging in new crimes (Brown Jolivette, 2005). Three strikes laws became widespread in 1993 when Washington became the first state toShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Socioeconomic Classes And The Achievement Gap Between Students1234 Words  | 5 Pagesactions regarding the issue of the achievement gap. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed as a law in 1965 and had the government give â€Å"more than $1 billion a year†to help schools educate students with disadvantageous backgrounds (Klein). A more recent governmental action occurred in the beginning of the 21st century. 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Friday, December 27, 2019
How to Write an Sop for Grad School - 1587 Words
HOW TO WRITE A WINNING STATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR A GRADUATE SCHOOL Compiled by Shoukat Iqbal Khattak Faculty Member Bahria University of Management Sciences-Karachi campus E-mail: shoukat.iqbal@bimcs.edu.pk Developed Created by Anthony O. Okobi using: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Table of Content 1. Introduction: What, Why and How of Statement of Purpose. 2. Stage I: Do your Homework 3. Stage II: Reflect and Brainstorm (on paper) 4. Stage III: Outline your Statement of Purpose 5. Stage IV: Write Draft of Statement of†¦show more content†¦research experiences, courses, etc.)? †¢ What are your future goals for graduate school (i.e. Ph.D.)? †¢ What are your career goals (i.e. professorship)? †¢ What characteristics of the school/department/program can help you accomplish your goals? †¢ What positive aspects do you bring to the school/department/program? Stage IV: Write Draft of Statement of Purpose 1. When writing your statement of purpose: †¢ Always use positive language when referring to yourself. †¢ Give detailed, but concise examples. †¢ Use transition words, sentences and paragraphs. Your statement must read smoothly. †¢ Skip a line after each paragraph. †¢ Refrain from starting neighboring paragraphs the same way. †¢ Avoid using vocabulary that you do not know. †¢ Refrain from repeating yourself. †¢ Have strong opening and closing paragraph. †¢ Stay within the 2 – 3 page limit! †¢ Thank the admissions committee for their time at the end of your statement of purpose. Stage V: Ask for Critique, Revise and Edit 1. When you are finished with yourShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose Mba4301 Words  | 18 Pagesaffinity for finance will play a large role in the evolution of my career. One particular theory that states that students who travel and study overseas return greatly transformed in outlook and perspective. I am no different, and it is easy to imagine how witnessing first-hand the revolutions in Eastern Europe (while studying in Budapest in the fall of 1989) would impact my future plans. The overall ramifications of the fall of the â€Å"Red Empire†were at that time to me quite apparent (i.e. the end ofRead MoreApproved EPR Bullets9088 Words  | 37 Pagesinsight - Flt vol coordinator; orgs all events/disseminates opportunities--bolsters community involvement for flight mbrs - Hand-selected as ORI fire tm ldr; led SF response vs multiple attacks--first B-1 wg to pass ORI 1st try in 4 yrs - Developed SOPs/SSIs for ORI; corrected 10 shortfalls/new SSIs for two posts--zero discrepancies IDd by IG - Military Customs Inspector; short-notice/local airport--rapid response expedited 25 pax/ANG from Germany - Selected Flight Trainer; trained Controller/ensuredRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words  | 702 Pagesunsuccessful practices are not unique. Information Boxes and Issue Boxes are included in each chapter to highlight relevant concepts and issues, or related information, and we are even testing Profile Boxes. Learning insights help students see how certain practicesâ€â€both errors and successesâ€â€cross company lines and are prone to be either traps for the unwary or success modes. Discussion Questions and Hands-On Exercises encourage and stimulate student involvement. A recent pedagogical feature
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
My Life - Original Writing - 909 Words
Mommy! Look! I cried as I held a snowflake in my hand, as if I was holding a newborn baby. That s beautiful honey, my mom said as she came towards me and crouched to my height to see the almost melting snowflake. Awww, it melted, I said as I shook the water off of my gloves and watch it drop on the snow. My mom smiled at me before standing up. Come on, it s cold outside, let s go in and drink some hot chocolate. Mom said as she took my hand, and we walked in the castle together. Yay! Hot chocolate! I screamed as I got loose from my mom and immediately rushed inside, to only bump into my dad, making me fall. Oof, I said as I looked up to see my dad standing in front of me, I see him as a giant since he looked so tall to my seven year old self. Woah there, he chuckled as he picked me up in his arms, Whoops, sorry daddy, I said as I let out a giggle, My mom walked over to us in her dark green winter coat. Are you alright Ashley, she said with a concerned look, I m alright mommy, I said as I kissed her on the cheek. Aww, no kissy for me? Dad playfully asked as he let out a laugh. I kissed my dad on the cheek, and together we walked to the kitchen. When we arrived, I saw Ariel already there, drinking a cup, no I looked beside her to see two empty mugs of hot chocolate. Ariel! I cried as I ran over to her and gave her a hug, Hey Ash, she said as she put her mug down, and hugged me back. She scooted over a bit, so I could sit downShow MoreRelatedMy Life - Original Writing1267 Words  | 6 PagesI yawn and arch my back in a big stretch. I could see my breath in the air. It would be getting colder from now on. I take a look around the small hut we call home. Adam is still curled up on the old mattress, a bundle of blankets wrapped around him. Mom isn’t sleeping next to him, probably out tending the garden. It seems that’s all she’s been doing these past few months. I stand up and walk over to Adam. He is sound asleep, a small amount of drool collecting on his chin. I smile at this and grabRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing977 Words  | 4 PagesWhen my son was ten years old, he asked me if I had ever been bullied before, or if I’d ever bullied anyone. I told him no! Not me! He said, â€Å"Mom, Nana told me that you were bullied, and you bullied people before, too.†I wondered if I should tell him the truth in that moment, that yes, when I was your age and younger, I was bullied, and yes, I bullied others, too. The thought that I could jeopardize my relationship with my son scared me. I could see it dwindling. The actions from my past might makeRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing850 Words  | 4 Pagesto go!†My sister vanessa yelled at me as I was packing the last of my things . I was fifteen and I had just arrived to my new home in Garland. I had just moved form Plainview and I was leaving my friends and family that I had grown up with behind. Moving to Garland while still in High School was one experience that changed my life. I had just finished my freshman year In high school when I had gotten the news that my mom decided to move. She decided that it was best for her and my step dadRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1463 Words  | 6 Pagesgrim gossip about my old babysitter which made me think of a particular summer morning, bookmarked in my long-term memory. During the school holidays in my ninth summer, I was lying under the garden tree, staring at a singular leaf that was eclipsing the summer sun as the zephyr tenderly blew it back and forth; giving it a seductive allure, while thinking about the previous night. Mother and father were having an agitated discussion downstairs in the living room. Sitting on my bed not able to sleep;Read MoreMy Life - Original Writing1725 Words  | 7 Pagesheavy cry, the physical cracking of my innocent heart. All things that I felt, but hid, in the summer of 2013. This was the day that my family, my world, fell apart for good. Everything was a lie, or so I was told by one party and by the other half, there were no lies. Forced to choose sides between my loved ones, I broke down and grew up in a matter of hours. The day was hot, in June or maybe even July. I had just returned from a fantastic vacation with one of my best childhood friends. We had goneRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing978 Words  | 4 PagesThen my world fell apart. A piercing scream filled the air, one that I will never forget. It was my mother’s... Then everything went black. All the memories poured back, the hospital, hearing the words, â€Å"dear your mother and father are gone. They didn’t make it, I’m so sorry.†And now... The rain washed down my red face along with my tears. Without any sympathy the thunder and lightning bolted down on the damp earth. There I stood my black shoes sinking into the muddy ground. 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Entering high school would be the most scariest chapter in my life, I going to meet several new people in my life. Biting my nails as I’m walking in on my first day of highschool, I turn my head left and right as if I were an owl. SeeingRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1319 Words  | 6 Pageschild, I always used to think that my parents were indestructible. I n my eyes, there was absolutely nothing that could hurt them. Obviously, there is no logic behind this preposterous belief, yet I still felt that way for almost a decade of my life. Unfortunately, my idealistic views came to an end when I was nine years old. My father, who was always some sort of superhero in my life, was diagnosed with end stage renal failure in the summer of 2006. All of a sudden, my super hero didn’t seem so indestructibleRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1046 Words  | 5 PagesI’m about 13 years old, married to a 35 year old man, and pregnant with the son of God while I’m still a virgin. Yes, my life’s going great. I was a Jewish girl getting ready to marry a well-established carpenter, then a man came to me in my house and told me I was pregnant. I was shocked, because I’m only 13 and was still a virgin. Well, it happened. I conceived when the angel told me I would, went into labor on the way to Bethlehem, and gave birth in a stable because the innkeeper didn’t have any
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Hospitality Management Competitive Business Environment
Questions: Task A Research report describing the elements of the product in a business and services context . After selecting a hotel of your choice, carry out an individual research into the elements of the product of this hotel, and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) A discussion about the key components of the product and how the product mix contributes to sales and profit b) An assessment on how market segmentation contributes to maximisation of sales Task B Research report describing the external sales development techniques Carry out an individual research into external sales techniques using the same hotel you selected for task A and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) A discussion about the factors affecting buyer behaviour b) An assessment of the advertising media that could be used for sales development situations c) An evaluation of the use of external merchandising to maximise customer volumes Task C Research report describing the internal sales promotion and merchandising Carry out an individual research into internal sales techniques using the same hotel you selected for task A and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) An assessment of the influence of design and layout on customer spending b) A review and evaluation of the effectiveness of internal merchandising materials c) An evaluation of different promotional activities according to different scenarios Task D Research report describing the role of staff in maximising sales Carry out an individual research into the role of staff in sales using the same hotel you selected for task A and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) An evaluation of personal selling techniques b) A discussion about the influence of operational design on sales revenue c) Key principles that should be included in a sales training programme . Answers: Introduction In this competitive business environment, customer service is one of the major factors. Every service-based company is paying attention on this aspect for satisfying their targeted consumers (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). This report is consisting on different aspects, which helps the hotel industry to strengthen their service packages. In this report, the chosen company is Marriot Hotel, UK. There are four section of this report, which is emphasizing how this organization is getting successful outcome from their service design and other marketing activities. Task A: Describing elements of products and service context 1.1 Discussing key components of service and contribution of product mix on sales and profit A service-based company is dealing with the changing needs and requirements of consumers. After assessing the elements of services offered by Marriot Hotel, it can be evident that this company is offering inline services, which influence the consumers to increase their spending (Harrington et al. 2014). The service of this company is having different elements, which are having both positive and negative impact on sale volume. Following is the components of service offered by Marriot Hotel and discussion regarding how these components are facilitating the company in maximizing sales and profit. Service quality: The organization is communicating with the consumers in a frequent manner for understanding their needs and requirements (Okumus 2013). Therefore, assisting the consumers is the most important element of the service package offered by this company. This element is effectively helping the service providers in retaining existing and new consumers from global market. After assessing service quality of Marriot Hotel, it can be evident that the company is considering consumer satisfaction as the most important factor (Testa and Sipe 2012). In order to satisfy the consumers, the company is directly communicating with the consumers, which is helping the company in improving service quality as per changing needs and demands of consumers. Premium pricing: Premium pricing is another component of service provided by Marriot Hotel. The company has implemented this pricing strategy for increasing perceived value of the consumers (Raza et al. 2012). As the service quality of this hotel is high, this service component is helping the company in attracting more consumers and improving their brand image in an effective manner. Pricing is one of the major elements of marketing mix and therefore, Marriot is focusing on this aspect for improving consumer perceived value regarding the services (Maggioni, Marcoz and Mauri 2014). Therefore, it can be said that premium-pricing strategy is the key component of the services provided by Marriot Hotel. Personalized service: In order to facilitate different needs of consumers, Marriot is considering personalized service packages in which consumers can create their service packages as per their specific requirements (Becerra, Santal and Silva 2013). Moreover, it helps the company in selling various inline products such as food and other complementary goods. Apart from that, Marriot is considering earlier contacts for satisfying the consumers (Hoque 2013). In this process, the company is communicating with the consumers regarding the previous issues of consumers. Figure 1: Service components (Source: Created by the author) The above-mentioned service components are influencing the product mix of Marriot Hotel. Moreover, the product mix is having huge contribution in increasing the sales and profitability for the company (Chathoth et al. 2013). The term product mix refers to the variety of service packages offered by the company. As the company is offering personalized services, it can be said that the product mix is highly beneficial for increasing overall sales and benefits of the company (Vlachos and Bogdanovic 2013). Following is the discussion regarding how the product mix of Marriot Hotel is facilitating the company in increasing sales and profit. Width: This element of service mix is representing the extent to which the service of the company is diversified. In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is allowing the consumers to modify the service package as per their requirements (Sandvik, Duhan and Sandvik 2014). For an example, if a consumer is seeking for a business class service, then it is the choices of the consumer that whether the consumer will choose a business conference accommodation of business meeting accommodation (Kim, Vogt and Knutson 2015). It helps the consumers to pay only for the availed service, which actually facilitates the company in improving consumer retention. This element of service-mix increase sales volume of the company and along with that, it helps the company selling their product line, which is effective for enhancing profit margin (Chen et al. 2014). Length: Service length represents the number of services offered by an organization. It is highly important to have a large length of services for attracting consumers. Apart from that, this element of service mix efficiently satisfies requirements of the consumers (Thakran and Verma 2013). In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is providing different service packages for different consumer segments such as family, tourist, businessperson and many more (Eid and El-Gohary 2015). Thus, it can be said that Marriot is having a diversified service packages, which helps the company in maintaining business sustainability in terms of different season. Depth: This element of service mix represents the variation of each service packages of an organization. After conducting the research, it can be evident that Marriot is having various service packages for different consumer segments (Law et al. 2015). For an example, the company is having family based service packages for facilitating international and local consumers. Apart from that, business clients are seeking for different kinds of services and the company is fulfilling requirements of every consumer with depth of their service design in an effective manner (Poku, Zakari and Soali 2013). Consistency: service consistency shows that how various service packages are related to each other. For example, service offered by Marriot Hotel is accommodation, food services and other product line (Bayoumi et al. 2013). As the company is offering personalized service package for the consumers, it is obvious that the services of Marriot Hotel are relevant to each other. In this manner, the company is able to sell their product line during providing service to the consumer. Figure 2: Service Mix (Source: Created by the author) 1.3 Contribution of market segmentation on sales maximization In this modernized business environment, it is highly important to target the proper consumer for selling a particular product (Guo and He 2012). For an example, hotel industry has segregated the entire targeted market depending on the consumers needs and requirements. Therefore, the companies have created various service packages for facilitating different group of consumer. Now, Hotel industry is considering the most beneficial market segment for increasing their profitability (Ayeh et al. 2012). In order to implement an effective segmentation strategy, companies are relying upon data evaluation tools and techniques. In this process, companies gather information from their targeted consumers and depending on the data, companies develop their service designs (Chen, Liu and Chang 2013). In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is having a vast range of service packages, which helps the company in fulfilling requirements of every consumer. Following are the benefits of efficient market s egmentation, which increase sales of Hotel industry. In order to conduct sustainable business, it is highly important to select proper market segment such as demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral. Following is the discussion regarding how Marriot Hotel has implemented segmentation strategy. Demographic: Demographic Segmentation helps an organization to segregate the consumers based on age, gender, socio-economic and occupation of the consumers. In case of Marriot Hotel, The Company has attracting consumers irrespective of gender and occupation. However, the company is attracting consumers aged more than 18 and people of high socio economic background. In this manner, Marriot is promoting their high cost services to the potential consumers (Martin and Isozaki 2013). Geographic: This segmentation strategy refers to the consumers location. Marriot Hotel promotes their service packages to the urban location for attracting people of high social class (Wang 2013). Apart from that, the company is promoting their services all over the globe for attracting international consumers. Moreover, the company has also targeted the international tourists from different geographic locations. After segregating the consumers based on geographic segment, it would be easier for the company to implement advertisement strategy. The aim of the companies is to reaching to the actual target market for increasing awareness of the service packages. Therefore, it can be said that an efficient market segment helps Marriot Hotel in communicating with actual audience. Behavioral: In this particular segmentation strategy, an organization first evaluates consumers buying behavior (Nasurdin, Ahmad and Tan 2015). If the consumers are loyal for the brand, then it has become easy for the company to retain those consumers with premium service quality. In this process, Marriot target the consumers with high loyalty towards brand (Kseoglu et al. 2013). Behavioral market segmentation helps in narrow down the overall market and therefore, the company can easily build the distribution channel for increasing service availability among the market (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). Psychographic: Psychographic segmentation refers to the process of segregating the consumers depending on personality, lifestyle, class and attitude as well. Marriot is known as the most reputed organization in hotel industry (Mokaya et al. 2013). The company is providing quality service to the premium consumers and therefore, Marriot is promoting their service packages among the high socio-economic groups. Task B: External sales development techniques 2.1 Factors affecting buying behavior Consumers buying behavior refers to the process of consumers purchase decision-making process. The process of purchase decision is consisting of four steps such as issue identification, information search, evaluating alternative and final decision (Huang et al. 2012). Consumers are following this particular process for taking the final purchase decision. However, there are many factors, which are influencing buying behavior of the consumers (Stephenson 2014). In this competitive market, every company is evaluating buying behavior of their targeted consumers. However, this process is complex and it is not possible for any marketer to identify the buying behavior of consumers (Albayrak and Caber 2015). Companies can only predict buying behavior of the consumer and depending on that prediction; marketers implement strategies for influencing the final purchase decision. Following are the factors, which companies are considering while evaluating buying behavior of targeted consumers. Cultural factors: Culture refers to the beliefs and faith of people, which influences preferences of consumers. Apart from that, learning and development of people is also influencing cultural aspects of consumers. There are different cultural groups and those groups are having different sub groups as well (Chen, Chang and Wu 2013). A same cultural group can be divided depending on the sub-group such as age and gender. Now, this factor is influencing the consumers buying behavior in an effective manner. For example, a consumer who belongs from youth group will avail the service for personal purpose. On the other hand, people with business intention will avail the service for business purpose (Gunarathne 2014). Now, there are so many cultural groups within a particular segment. Therefore, companies are focusing on the preference of these different groups for increasing their sales volume within the targeted consumers. Income level: Income level is one of the major factors, which is influencing the buying behavior of consumers. For example, if a group of people belongs to high socio-economic background, then they will prefer high quality service and high piecing (Leonidou et al. 2013). On the other hand, people belongs to low socio-economic background will prefer low pricing and a moderate quality. For both of these groups the decision-making process will be different (Hon et al. 2015). In this aspect, the role of the company is to identify that whether the consumer is ready to avail product with high pricing or not. Personal factor: This factor influences brand preference of consumers. For example, a consumer can prefer a particular brand while selecting a product. The perceived value of the consumer regarding that particular brand is the major factor, which influences the buying behavior (Wang et al. 2013). Apart from that, needs and requirements of a particular consumer are changing according to their age and circumstances. This factor is difficult to measure and therefore, it is difficult for the marketers to influence these consumers for changing their brand preference. Social Factor: Consumers buying behavior is highly influenced by the social factors such as lifestyle, values and interest. There are three parameters of social class such as lower class, middle class and upper class. These social classes differently react on different advertisement and promotional activities of an organization. Marriot is offering the services in high cost and therefore, the company is only attracting the consumers of upper social class groups. On the other hand, a group of lower class and middle class people seek for low price service in moderate cost. Psychological: This factor defines motivation of the consumer in terms of self-esteem. If the company is providing quality service to the consumers, then the company can easily lead the consumer toward self-actualization level of Maslow hierarchy model. It helps the consumer to be satisfied with the offerings of the company. 2.2 Suitable advertisement media for sales development The word sales development refers to the process of generating valid lead for the organization, which can be converted in potential customer (Wang 2013). In this technological era, every company is adopting innovative technologies for increasing awareness of their offerings. In hotel industry, different companies have adopted different procedures for reaching to the targeted consumers. In between the entire advertisement platforms, most of the companies are relying upon social media (Lolli 2013). Internet is the platform where companies are able to reach bulk consumers within short time. Moreover, the companies are using social media advertisement for communicating with their targeted consumers in an effective manner. In this era of socialization, every people are connected with social media websites like Facebook and Tweeter (Kseoglu et al. 2013). Hotel industry is relying upon video advertisement and banner advertisement for sharing information with the consumers. Sales development of a company depends upon the advertisement strategy of an organization. Implementing social media advertisement can help Marriot Hotel in reaching to different consumer segment within very short time (Poku, Zakari and Soali 2013). The more the company will be able to increase awareness of their service packages, the more the company will be able to attract consumers. Social media advertisement can also facilitate Marriot Hotel in engaging word of mouth marketing, which is an effective marketing tool for increasing sales volume. Social media will tend people to communicate with the company and therefore, it will be easy for the sales development team of Marriot Hotel to gather information of new consumers from the targeted market (Ayeh et al. 2012). Apart from that, Marriot Hotel use direct mail advertisement strategy for promoting their service packages. In this manner, the company establish continuous communication with the potential consumers in an effective mann er. 2.3 Evaluating use of external merchandising in increasing customer base External merchandising refers to the technique of presenting the service packages through an online store for increasing sales volume. Implementing the technique of external merchandising, Marriot Hotel will be able to display their service packages in front of targeted consumers (Chen et al. 2013). In other words, location, signage and other facilities should be emphasized for attracting more consumers from the competitive market. In this manner, interest of potential consumers will increase and therefore, the company will be able to increase consumer volume in targeted market. Moreover, external merchandising is beneficial for displaying different service packages at same place, which can help enable the consumers in comparing the service packages for choosing as per their requirement (Kseoglu et al. 2013). The overall aim of this technique is to attract consumers with efficient service packages and the most important part is that this process also increases service awareness among the targeted consumers. The process of external merchandising is an efficient process, which enable the consumers in getting in touch with the offerings of the company. Moreover, in this manner, Marriot can build attractive presentation of the brand (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). After evaluating merchandising technique of Marriot Hotel, it can be said that the company is sharing information regarding their service packages through online networks. In this manner, the Marriot is taking advantage from their social media advertisement campaign (Wang 2013). The use of external merchandising in terms of Marriot Hotel is showing that it facilitating the company in retaining new consumers from competitive market. Task C: Internal sales promotion and merchandising 3.1 Impact of service design on customer spending Service design and layout is a process, which defines the service packages of a service-based company. It is highly important for an organization to design the service in a proper manner, which can create a product line. In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is allowing the consumers to modify the service packages as per their requirements (Nasurdin, Ahmad and Tan 2015). However, the company has various basic service packages targeting different customer segment. The additional services provided by Marriot Hotel are technological equipments for business people, internet access and concierge services. The basic service package is just consisting of the accommodation depending on the consumer requirement (Mokaya et al. 2013). For example, Marriot offers a conference room to the business people and a family suit to the consumers those who are availing the service for non-business purpose. Thereafter, the additional services are increasing customer spending in an effective manner. Follow ing is the influence of service design on customer spending in terms of Marriot Hotel. Layout of the Hotel is the most important factor, which influences consumers spending time. In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is providing healthy environment and seating arrangement, which is increasing consumers spending time in n effective manner. Moreover, the company is providing various technological equipments to the business people for fulfilling their requirements. The facilities provided by the company are influencing the consumers to spend more time than they usually spend. 3.2 Reviewing effectiveness of internal merchandising materials Internal merchandising refers to the activities of an organization for promoting products or services. In hotel industry, organizations use internal signage, sales aids and sales materials for attracting potential consumers (Gunarathne 2014). In case of Marriot Hotel, the company has used attractive signage for providing service information to the internal customers. Apart from that, the company has efficiently introduced relevant information to the consumers for building better communication. The employees of Marriot Hotel are continues communicating with the consumers or providing required information. Moreover, the company has created an attractive visual presence within the hotel for maintaining professional environment (Leonidou et al. 2013). In case of hotel industry, it is highly important to increase service awareness among the employees and the people associates with sales. In order to achieve the target of high occupancy rate, it is highly important to attract external employees through travel agencies (Hon et al. 2015). Now, the travel agencies need to know the actual offerings of the company. Therefore, providing training to the consumers regarding the service packages is effective for enabling sales team. In this manner, the agencies and sales team can be able to deliver proper information to the consumers (Wang et al. 2013). Now, the perceived value of the consumers is depending on whatever information they get from the sales team. Therefore, an effective merchandising plan will facilitate Marriot Hotel in attracting consumers towards the brand. 3.3 Different promotional activities in different business scenario In this technological era, organizations are implementing innovative procedures for promoting their service and products. The term promotion refers to the process of increasing service and product awareness among the targeted consumers (Wang 2013). Marriot Hotel has adopted different processes for conducting service promotion in terms of different market scenario. Following are the promotional activities of Marriot Hotels. Social media promotion: This platform allows the companies in posting advertisement among the targeted consumer segment (Lolli 2013). A vast range of people accesses social media website such as Facebook and Tweeter. Therefore, it is easy for Marriot to reach to the desired consumer group with this advertisement platform. Marriot Hotel uses this advertisement activity for increasing the sales volume in seasonal period. This advertisement activity helps Marriot Hotel in increasing sales volume in long-term basis. Moreover, the company is mainly using banner advertisement in which the company can provide service information to the consumers (Kseoglu et al. 2013). In this advertisement process, the company is efficiently avoiding the issue of low bandwidth connection in an efficient manner. Social media is an efficient platform, which can build personal relationship with the audience of a particular advertisement. Promotional activities: This promotional strategy allows the consumers to take part in different events, where the company promotes their products and services (Testa and Sipe 2012). In these kinds of events, consumers share their personal information for winning promotional prize (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). After that, companies utilize that information for attracting consumers towards the brand. In case of Marriot, the company has implemented online contests for involving the targeted consumer. Task D: Role of staffs in maximizing sales 4.1 Evaluating personal selling technique After conducting a research based on how the sales team of Marriot Hotel is selling products, it is evident that there are certain issues, which are preventing the employees in increasing occupancy rate of the Hotel (Raza et al. 2012). Selling technique refers to the knowledge of an individual regarding the service details and the market condition as well. Apart from that, the sales team should have proper knowledge regarding consumers buying behavior. There are some key elements of the sales team of Marriot Hotel, which are preventing the company from achieving certain objectives. In order to assess the primary issues faced by the sales team, an assessment of sales technique has been conducted. Following is the assessment of sales technique (Maggioni, Marcoz and Mauri 2014). Social media outlets: This technique is a cost effective process, which allows the sales team in increasing awareness regarding promotional pricing of the services. Sales team of Marriot is relying on this sales technique for attracting new consumers towards the brand (Hoque 2013). Apart from that, this sales technique also helps the sales team in building healthy communication with the existing consumers. Therefore, it can be said that, social media outlets is facilitating the company in retaining the existing consumers. Communication: In this sales technique, sales team of Marriot builds healthy communication with the existing consumers for increasing repeat purchase frequency. In this manner, Marriot came to know the changing demands and needs of the global consumers, which is effective for increasing customer satisfaction (Sandvik, Duhan and Sandvik 2014). In this process, Marriot is completely relying upon social media technique. In other words, Marriot believes that it is easy to make a familiar relationship with the consumers through this particular platform. Internal Selling: Internal selling technique helps the sales team of Marriot Hotel to use authentic references of the existence consumers. In this manner, sales team of Marriot gathers information from the existing consumers for attracting potential consumers from the competitive market. moreover, in this technique, sales person of Marriot Hotel influence the consumers for availing other services which are associates with the actual service. In this manner, sales team of Marriot can increase spending of the consumers in an effective manner. 4.2 Impact of operational design on revenue An effective operational design increases the sales revenue of the Marriot hotel. Operational design is an activity in which the employees of the organization interact with the clients to increase the sale. In case of Marriot Hotel, the company is following a systematical operational design, which is generated depending on different types of consumers such as regular customer and premium customer. Following is the discussion regarding operational design of Marriot Hotel. Equipments: Equipments are the important part which enhances the operational activity of the hotel. Marriot hotel has different types of latest equipment to enhance the service of the employees (Maggioni, Marcoz and Mauri 2014). The hotel have different type of equipments like Bulk Cooker, four burner with oven, unused plates rack trolley, vegetable cutting equipment, meat mincing machine and many more. These equipments help the employees of Marriot hotel to cook food quickly and serve the customers the desired food within a stipulated time. Moreover the equipments reduce the working time of the employees and they can spend their times in other activities to satisfy the customers. General purpose trolley can be used by the employees to carry the suitcases and other baggage of the customer to their hotel rooms. Garbage trolley with chairs will also help to make the hotel lobby clean and clear. Installation of air-conditioned machine in the hotel rooms will also make the customers feel comfortable in their rooms. Work flow: Work flow in the Marriot hotel is well organized. The managers of hotel Marriot break the work flow into different segments based on the tasks. Different segments are like welcoming the customers, looking after the comfort of the customers and meeting their needs. In Marriot hotel the employees are divided into three shifts with eight hours in each shift (Chen, Liu and Chang 2013). The front desk representatives also handle a part of light housekeeping tasks. The first line managers look after the requirements of the customers and allocate the job to different groups like households, laundry and room service. They also hire temporary employees during the peak seasons like Christmas, New Year or any other festival seasons. Business meetings are also organized in the hotel and it is looked after the technical department of the hotel. Communication is also important in the work flow model of Marriot hotel (Martin and Isozaki 2013). All the members of the hotel are well connec ted from the top manager to the ground level workers. This has helped the hotel to give a better quality of service to the customers. Ergonomics: Ergonomics is the scientific process in which the interactions among the human beings are learned with the help of different activities (Minow 2015). Marriot hotel have designed the service in such a way such that the needs of the customers are satisfied. With the help of Ergonomics Marriot hotel maintains the quality of air in the hotel. The organization has put stress on the design of the beds and make sure that the design of the beds are attractive. Along with these the mattresses are also comfortable with cozy pillows and cushions. The bathroom design is also well decorated with showers, bath tub commode and beautiful designs. The bathrooms are clean and hygienic. The floors of the hotel are cleaned after every four hours to keep it clean and clear. The managers also keep a close watch on the need of the special guests and act accordingly. 4.3 Key principals of sales training program There are different sales training programs and the cost involvement of these training programs is not that high. A sales team is one of the major key performers for an organization and therefore, it is highly important to train the sales representatives for conveying the information to them regarding how the organization has planned to achieve the overall objective. In case of Marriot Hotel, the aim of the sales representatives is to increase new consumer base for gaining competitive advantages (Chen, Liu and Chang 2013). Therefore, the following elements should be present in the sales training program for ensuring that the sales team is aware regarding what they have to achieve and to what extent they can achieve. Organizational objectives: The first and for most element of sales training program is organizational objectives. In a sales training program, the trainers should simplify the organizational objectives to the employees in an efficient manner. For example, employees need to know the process, which they are going to follow (Kseoglu et al. 2013). The training program should also include information regarding the rival organizations and their position in the same market. In this manner, the sales team will be able to understand the benchmark sales target for the industry. It will help the sales team to compare that sales target with their individual sales target (Martin and Isozaki 2013). It will also make the individuals sales target realistic to them and therefore, achieving those will become easier. Sales technique: Different sales technique should be an element of sales training process. There are different sales techniques, which are having different application in different business scenario (Harrington et al. 2014). Therefore, Marriot needs to train the employees regarding all the processes, which can efficiently grow sales volume in terms of Marriots business scenario. Apart from all these techniques, the training program should include a communication development module (Testa and Sipe 2012). It is highly important to build efficient communication with the consumers for building healthy relationship. Therefore, sales team should have adequate knowledge regarding how communication is facilitating sales growth. Product Knowledge: A sales training programs should include knowledge of the product or services offered. In case of Marriot, the company is offering different service packages for different types of consumers (Maggioni, Marcoz and Mauri 2014). Therefore, it is highly necessary to include different service packages in to the training program, so that the sales team can be able to convey relevant information to the consumers. The key factor of selling a product or service successfully to the targeted consumer is how the sales representative is able to provide relevant information to the consumers (Becerra, Santal and Silva 2013). On the other hand, Marriot is changing their service packages as per changing needs of the consumers. Therefore, sales team should have updated knowledge regarding the service design. Process of pricing strategy: In order to implement a successful sales mechanism, the sales executives should have adequate knowledge regarding different types of pricing strategies. It helps the sales representatives in understanding pricing strategies of the rival companies (Hoque 2013). Apart from that, this training module can also assists the sales team in adopting effective pricing strategy depending on different market environment. It is not the responsibility of the sales team to implement pricing strategy (Chathoth et al. 2013). However, they should understand the positive aspects of the implemented pricing strategy for performing accordingly to the organizational requirements. Promotion strategy: In order to increase sales growth, it is highly important to provide promotional offers to the consumers. Therefore, a sales training module should consist of vast information regarding different promotional strategy (Vlachos and Bogdanovic 2013). In this process, the company will be able to engage the sales team in launching new service packages in an effective manner. For example, if Marriot is planning to introduce a new service package, then the sales team will be able to implement effective promotional strategy for attracting consumers (Sandvik, Duhan and Sandvik 2014). In Marriot, the company is providing additional services in free of cost as promotional offers. Conclusion After preparing the report, it can be said that Marriot has adopted an effective service design for satisfying their consumers. 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Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Men And Women Were Created Equal Essays - Gender Studies
Men and Women were Created Equal Men are not superior to women, they are equal in every way. Although it is true that society has stereotyped women into traditional roles, this preconceived notion, is totally false. Action to promote the concept of equality in our society needs to be taken. Women have been fighting for equality for many decades. As a result of this battle, some amazing transformations have taken place amongst the female gender. Women have become educated and over the last few decades have started to take active roles and their rightful place in society. They have made major inroads in working opportunities, including government, science and even the military. They are reshaping world history and are very proud. Internationally, women have achieved the highest office in several countries, such as: Indira Gandhi of India, Golda Meir of Israel, and Margaret Thatcher of Great Britain. Hilary Clinton is currently running for a senate seat in New York and if she is successful, could one day follow in her husband's footsteps and become the first female President of the United States. These women have all obtained equal roles and respect as leaders of their countries similar to Bill Clinton and Jean Chretien. Other examples of women who have favourably impacted on today's society are the late Mother Theresa and Lady Diana. These ladies' tireless efforts for the good of humanity impacted the whole world. Only in the 20th century, and most recently in the last 20 years, have women overcome social barriers and been allowed to obtain a scientific education. Today, women are becoming an ever-increasing percentage of the scientific and medical work force. In 1982 Barbara McClintock won the Nobel Prize fo r her discovery of mobile genetic elements. Her discovery was that genes could jump around on chromosomes. This discovery was the basis of today's advances in genetic engineering. The Nobel Prize Committee called McClintock's work "one of the two great discoveries of our time in genetics." The other was the earlier discovery of the double helix shape of DNA. 2 Another example of women sharing an equal role in today's society is demonstrated in the military. Today's women joining the Canadian Armed Forces are equally eligible with men for combat roles. Over 229,000 women serve on active duty in the military services of the Department of Defense. This monumental step allows women to become takers, as well as producers of life. Women now have equal rights and responsibilities in the defense of our country. These advances have been made, not only on the ground but in the air as well. In 1988, Deanna Brasseur became Canada's first female fighter pilot. That same year, the defense department appointed their first female general, Sheila Hellstrom. The department also stated that women often do better at riflery than men due to the fact that they listen to instruction while men tend to think they know it all. A male veteran sergeant, proud of his work with female recruits, says that: "Today's women won't find anything that hard to adjust to in the military." The facts are telling a tale. Many doors are opening for women and they are barreling through with boundless energy and determination. The 21st century is here and the traditional role of the stay-at-home mother is all but disappeared. Marriage and children are still signs of the successful women, however women are less willing to accept exclusive roles of housewife and mother. More and more women are entering the labor market as education has provided them with the tools they need to be viewed and become equals with men in today's society. This does not mean however, that their parenting role is any less significant. They have successfully learned how to balance both, effectively and efficiently. Whether male or female, it is important to keep an open mind and judge people based on their abilities and actions rather than on biased media attention and old stereotypical views. Adopting this concept will alleviate the long standing debate of superiority concerning males and females. The government needs to continue to support pay equity and other actions to demonstrate the equal roles of women and men in Canada.
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